Airline freight, and why the crate decides it

Airlines price live animals on chargeable weight, which is whichever is greater: the actual weight, or a volume figure worked out from the crate. For pets the crate almost always wins, which is why a slim 60 lb dog in a large crate costs more to fly than a stocky 70 lb dog in the same one.

The divisor is published by Air Canada Cargo at 166 cubic inches per pound. The rates below come from the American Airlines Cargo public tariff, the tariff these estimates are calculated against. Other carriers price each booking individually. Current version checked July 2026.

Crate sizeApprox. dimensionsChargeable weightFreight
Small (cat or toy dog) (size 100)21 x 16 x 15 in14 kg$690
Medium (size 200)28 x 20.5 x 21.5 in34 kg$1,066
Large (size 400)36 x 25 x 27 in66 kg$1,960
Giant (size 700)48 x 32 x 35 in147 kg$2,977

One rule decides this route before any of the figures do. It is against the law in the UK to own five types of dog, the Pit Bull Terrier, the Japanese Tosa, the Dogo Argentino, the Fila Brasileiro and the XL Bully, and gov.uk says a banned type cannot come into Great Britain unless it already holds a valid Certificate of Exemption. Whether a dog is one depends on what it looks like rather than on its breed or name, so a crossbreed with that build can be caught by the rule.

These freight figures are our own calculation from the published rate and the published divisor. They assume a direct booking on the published tariff. A routing with a connection, or a carrier that quotes rather than publishes, will differ.

Whichever carrier takes the booking sets its own hold conditions, crate rules and pet charges, and those vary more between airlines than the fares do. Our list of the airlines that carry pets internationally covers which carriers accept live animals out of the US, and our comparison of US airline pet policies puts the big carriers side by side.

The freight mechanics on this page come from American Airlines Cargo, whose conditions are set out in full in our guide to the American Airlines pet policy. British Airways is one of the carriers gov.uk approves into Heathrow and Gatwick, and it carries no pets in the cabin at all, so a BA move is a cargo booking with its own crate rule for a cat. The same gov.uk list gives BA’s arrivals to Animal Air Care, not to the Heathrow ARC charging the fees in the table below: our guide to the British Airways pet policy covers both.

The rest of the bill

CostAmountWho charges it
USDA export endorsement$101 per certificateUSDA APHIS
IATA crate$65 to $378 depending on sizeRetailer
Microchip, if not already ISO compliantVariesYour vet
Rabies vaccinationVariesYour vet
Tapeworm treatment (dogs, required for the UK)VariesYour vet
Heathrow Animal Reception Centre, collection£104City of London
Heathrow ARC, boarding with paperwork pre-checked£213, plus £55 for each pet after the firstCity of London
Heathrow ARC, boarding without a paperwork pre-check£293, and £55 for every pet beyond oneCity of London
Airline live animal processing$150 per air waybillAirline

Two things are worth knowing about the USDA fee. It is charged per certificate, not per pet, so two pets on one certificate cost far less than two separate certificates. And vaccinations do not count as tests, so a UK-bound dog with a rabies vaccination and no titer test sits in the $101 band rather than a higher one. gov.uk lists the USA among the countries whose pets need no rabies blood test.

The Heathrow Animal Reception Centre’s £55 is charged per additional pet, not per day. It also says every owner has to appoint a UK customs agent, whoever else arranges the move.

What the tables leave out

Two costs are real and we deliberately do not put a number on them, because no honest source exists for either.

Your vet sets their own fees. The examination, the health certificate paperwork, and the blood draw for a titer test where one is needed are all priced by your clinic, and they vary widely between practices and cities. Labs price only the test itself; the draw and the paperwork are always the clinic’s charge.

Ground transport at either end depends on distance and access. Both are inside the all-inclusive, door to door range at the top of this page, and the quote for your pet prices each one.

What moves the price

Crate size is the single biggest lever, because it drives chargeable weight. Getting the size right matters, but so does not over-sizing: a crate one band larger than your pet needs adds real money to the freight.

Breed can remove options entirely. Snub-nosed dogs and cats face airline restrictions, and some carriers refuse them in the hold altogether. Our guide to breed restrictions covers which breeds and which airlines.

Season matters. Summer heat embargoes apply to the whole route, not just your departure airport, and they can force a longer or later routing.

Timing of the paperwork is the quiet one. The health certificate has a short validity window, so a missed vet or endorsement appointment can mean redoing it.

Figures and sources

Figures verified July 2026. The Heathrow charges were read on September 25, 2026, from the page linked below. Government fees change, sometimes without much notice, so each one below links to the authority that publishes it. If you are reading this well after July 2026, check the source before relying on the number.

Terminology in this table is explained in our pet relocation glossary.

Want this priced for your actual pet and dates?

Send us the route, the breed and roughly when you want to travel. Request a quote and we will reply with an itemized plan, a timeline and clear next steps.

For entry rules and the full paperwork timeline, see our guide to pet shipping requirements for the United Kingdom.

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